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MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE
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Temperature can be measured by many methods. These include the following thermometers:
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mercury thermometer (now superseded)
digital electronic pacifier
digital peak thermometer with LED light
digital infrared aural
electronic probe
forehead thermometer (temporal area).
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The favoured general instrument for oral and rectal use is the digital peak-hold thermometer.
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Table 19.1 gives a basic guide to interpreting the temperature values obtained.
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Basic rules of thermometer usage
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Place under the tongue at the junction of the base of the tongue and the floor of the mouth to one side of the frenulum—the ‘heat pocket’.
Ensure the mouth is kept shut.
Remove dentures.
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Note: Unsuitable for children 4 years and under, especially if irritable; use axilla or rectum.
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A suitable route for babies and young children under the age of 4.1
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Lubricate the stub with petroleum jelly.
Insert for 2–3 cm (1 inch).
Keep the thermometer between the flexed fingers with the hand resting on the buttocks.
Wipe rectal thermometers with alcohol and store separately from oral.
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Although unreliable, it is practical for young children and gives a helpful guide. If used it should be placed high in the axilla.
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This route is not ideal but is more reliable than the axilla. It closely approximates oral temperature.
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In infants, the thigh should be flexed against the abdomen.
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Mainly used as an adjunct to the self-assessment of ovulation during the menstrual cycle. Should be placed deeply in the vagina before leaving the bed in the morning.
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Infrared aural (ear drum) use2
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The temperature can be measured in 3 seconds with an infrared device placed in the ear canal. Hold the child’s head firmly so that it does not move. There is much debate about its efficacy but it appears to be worthwhile as it is a simple method and in general practice the benefits of convenience outweigh possible lack of accuracy. The normal range is ...